在实际开发中,Oracle数据库常被用于复杂的业务系统中,需要我们具备全面的技能以应对各种场景。本篇博客将基于之前所学的知识,设计并实现一个完整的项目,涵盖数据库设计、编程和性能优化的综合应用。
我们将设计一个简单的在线购物系统,包括以下功能模块:
我们设计以下表:
CREATE TABLE USERS (
USER_ID NUMBER GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
USERNAME VARCHAR2(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
PASSWORD VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULL,
EMAIL VARCHAR2(100),
CREATED_AT DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE
);
CREATE TABLE PRODUCTS (
PRODUCT_ID NUMBER GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
NAME VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULL,
PRICE NUMBER(10, 2) NOT NULL,
STOCK NUMBER NOT NULL,
CREATED_AT DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE
);
CREATE TABLE ORDERS (
ORDER_ID NUMBER GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
USER_ID NUMBER NOT NULL,
ORDER_DATE DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE,
TOTAL_AMOUNT NUMBER(10, 2),
STATUS VARCHAR2(20) DEFAULT 'PENDING',
FOREIGN KEY (USER_ID) REFERENCES USERS(USER_ID)
);
CREATE TABLE ORDER_DETAILS (
DETAIL_ID NUMBER GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
ORDER_ID NUMBER NOT NULL,
PRODUCT_ID NUMBER NOT NULL,
QUANTITY NUMBER NOT NULL,
PRICE NUMBER(10, 2) NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (ORDER_ID) REFERENCES ORDERS(ORDER_ID),
FOREIGN KEY (PRODUCT_ID) REFERENCES PRODUCTS(PRODUCT_ID)
);
当订单支付完成后,自动更新库存:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER UPDATE_STOCK
AFTER INSERT ON ORDER_DETAILS
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
UPDATE PRODUCTS
SET STOCK = STOCK - :NEW.QUANTITY
WHERE PRODUCT_ID = :NEW.PRODUCT_ID;
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE CREATE_ORDER(
p_user_id IN NUMBER,
p_product_ids IN SYS.ODCINUMBERLIST,
p_quantities IN SYS.ODCINUMBERLIST
) IS
v_order_id NUMBER;
v_total_amount NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
-- 创建订单
INSERT INTO ORDERS (USER_ID, TOTAL_AMOUNT)
VALUES (p_user_id, 0)
RETURNING ORDER_ID INTO v_order_id;
-- 遍历商品并添加到订单明细
FOR i IN 1..p_product_ids.COUNT LOOP
DECLARE
v_price NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT PRICE INTO v_price FROM PRODUCTS WHERE PRODUCT_ID = p_product_ids(i);
INSERT INTO ORDER_DETAILS (ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID, QUANTITY, PRICE)
VALUES (v_order_id, p_product_ids(i), p_quantities(i), v_price);
v_total_amount := v_total_amount + (v_price * p_quantities(i));
END;
END LOOP;
-- 更新订单总金额
UPDATE ORDERS
SET TOTAL_AMOUNT = v_total_amount
WHERE ORDER_ID = v_order_id;
END;
/
调用示例:
DECLARE
product_ids SYS.ODCINUMBERLIST := SYS.ODCINUMBERLIST(1, 2);
quantities SYS.ODCINUMBERLIST := SYS.ODCINUMBERLIST(2, 1);
BEGIN
CREATE_ORDER(1, product_ids, quantities);
END;
/
CREATE INDEX IDX_PRODUCTS_NAME ON PRODUCTS(NAME);
CREATE INDEX IDX_ORDERS_USER ON ORDERS(USER_ID);
EXPLAIN PLAN FOR
SELECT * FROM PRODUCTS WHERE NAME LIKE 'Laptop%';
SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY());
对订单表按年份分区:
CREATE TABLE ORDERS_PARTITIONED (
ORDER_ID NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
USER_ID NUMBER,
ORDER_DATE DATE,
TOTAL_AMOUNT NUMBER,
STATUS VARCHAR2(20)
)
PARTITION BY RANGE (ORDER_DATE) (
PARTITION p2023 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2024-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
PARTITION p2024 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2025-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD'))
);
SELECT * FROM ORDERS_PARTITIONED
WHERE ORDER_DATE >= TO_DATE('2023-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD')
AND ORDER_DATE < TO_DATE('2023-12-31', 'YYYY-MM-DD');
对用户密码字段进行加密存储:
ALTER TABLE USERS MODIFY PASSWORD ENCRYPT USING 'AES256';
使用RMAN备份:
rman target /
BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
通过本文的项目实践,我们综合应用了Oracle的核心技术,包括数据库设计、编程、性能优化、安全性和备份恢复等模块。通过本项目,你将能够掌握如何将理论知识应用于实际开发中,为构建高效、安全的数据库应用打下坚实的基础。
希望本文能够帮助你更好地理解Oracle数据库的综合应用。如有疑问,请在评论区留言!